The region of Baluchistan in southern Pakistan was known as terra incognita for much of its history. Described by various geographers and historians since the Greco-Roman period as a truly inhospitable and harsh place, it was only in the mid-19th century that its borders were truly defined and its people and history recorded. This volume presents the first detailed study of the archaeology, history, anthropology and architecture of Baluchistan, part of an Italian programme of research launched in 1987. The mission aimed to verify the literary descriptions of the area in-situ adopting a multi- and inter-disciplinary approach.