Peri-urban villages on the fringes of Lahore are undergoing rapid socio-ecological transformation as agricultural landscapes give way to speculative real-estate development and expanding concrete frontiers. While similar processes are unfolding across the Global South, with parallels in parts of Latin America and Africa, a rich body of scholarship has examined these transformations through lenses, such as displacement, dispossession, urban inequality, informality, gentrification, land acquisition, infrastructure provision, environmental degradation, financialization, and related dynamics. Far less is known about how these transformations are lived and understood by village communities themselves as historically grounded and relational processes that unfold unevenly across space and time, particularly through changes in the intangible assets that shape quality of life. This book brings forward the voices of those most affected yet least heard. Through the narratives of villagers navigating the intrusion of cash economies and infrastructure-led development, it traces the gradual unmaking of ecological, social, and cultural worlds that once anchored everyday life. These accounts complicate dominant assumptions about compensation and progress, revealing money as a pseudo-equalizer that obscures losses that cannot be priced, including land-based relations, trust, reciprocity, collective care, memory, and a sense of belonging rooted in shared ways of living. Approaching peri-urban transformation through a political ecology lens, this book reworks Andre Gunder Frank’s theory of the development of underdevelop ment beyond its classical formulation of core–satellite relations between nations. It shows how the same structural logic unfolds along urban–rural frontiers, where expanding cities operate as cores and villages are rendered their internal satellites. Underdevelopment here is not produced through extraction alone, but through the reorganization of deprivation as land, ecology, and social life are systematically reconfigured in the name of development. This book argues that underdevelopment is neither purely economic nor external. It is lived, relational, and cumulative. As cash economies penetrate peri-urban vil lages, communities experience material inflows alongside the steady depletion of assets that once sustained collective resilience, including common land, livestock, reciprocal labour, trust, care, and ecological security. What had existed in abun dance outside the market is gradually commodified, fragmented, or lost. Even where households move into larger homes or upscale developments, many come to recog nize a deeper dispossession, marked by declining well-being, weakened social bonds, and growing dependence on markets for survival. Through deeply grounded ethnographic engagement, this work advances the concept of ‘internal underdevelopment’, showing how development can make for merly resilient communities underdeveloped from within. It challenges the dis missal of nostalgia as mere sentiment, reframing it instead as an epistemic register through which villagers articulate what quality of life once meant and what has been irreversibly displaced in the pursuit of progress. At once a scholarly intervention and an act of preservation, this book documents the final moments of a dynamic agrarian way of life on the verge of erasure, offering a critical rethinking of develop ment, well-being, and what it means to live well. Tagline Preserving the last echoes of communities reshaped by capital, development, and concrete.