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Around 712 a very young commander from Ta’if led an army into Sindh, took Debal, and added the Indus valley to the Umayyad empire. His rule was short, his governing style surprisingly pragmatic, and his death remains murky. Later writers turned him into everything from a liberator to an invader. This book sets the early accounts beside the later ones and asks which Muhammad bin Qasim each of them wants us to remember.
Every claim gets a Source Check: solid, likely, disputed or legend.
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