Hasan al-Banna (1906–1949) was an Egyptian teacher, Islamic reformer, and political activist whose ideas profoundly influenced modern Islamic movements. Born in Mahmoudiyah, Egypt, he grew up in a religious environment that emphasized Islamic learning and moral discipline. Witnessing the social and political changes accompanying British influence and the spread of Western cultural ideas, al-Banna became convinced that Muslim societies needed a comprehensive renewal rooted in Islamic principles. In 1928, he founded the Muslim Brotherhood, an organization that began with religious instruction and social reform before developing into a major force in Egyptian and regional politics.

This volume explores al-Banna’s vision of Islam as a comprehensive framework for personal conduct, education, social welfare, and political life. Through preaching, publications, schools, charitable activities, and the organization of local branches, he built a movement that attracted supporters from diverse social backgrounds. His message emphasized religious commitment, community solidarity, resistance to colonial domination, and the restoration of Islamic values in public life. However, the Brotherhood’s growing political influence also brought it into conflict with the Egyptian government, and al-Banna’s movement became entangled in the increasingly polarized politics of the 1940s. His assassination in Cairo in 1949 transformed him into a lasting symbol for many of his followers.

Part of the Minds of the Muslim World series, this book examines al-Banna’s ideas, organizational methods, and historical legacy. His life provides an important perspective on the emergence of modern political Islam and the continuing debates over religion, society, and political authority in the Muslim world.