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He was known for his temper, his strength, and for opposing the Prophet before he joined him. As second caliph he ruled an empire that grew faster than any administration could keep up with. ‘Umar built the offices, the stipend registers and the garrison cities, and earned a reputation for letting an ordinary person challenge the man at the top. This book looks at the ruler, the stories that gathered around him, and why later governments all wanted his name on their side.
Every claim gets a Source Check: solid, likely, disputed or legend.
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